OPERATION_MODES

Confine the device’s power to one of several power ranges at every time step. Each operation mode declares a consumption-range (non-negative, positive is consumption) and/or a production-range (non-negative, positive is production); a mode may use either or both, and combining both (each starting at 0) forms a single band through zero. This is useful for devices that cannot modulate their power freely, such as a device that is either off or running at some minimum power (or at one fixed power). Terminology and semantics follow the operation modes of the S2 standard. S2 fixes one sign convention for power (positive is consumption), whereas FM leaves it to the user; an S2 signed power-range therefore maps onto these fields by sign: its non-negative part corresponds to the FM consumption-range, negative S2 power values (production) correspond to the FM production-range (with their sign flipped to non-negative), and an S2 range spanning zero maps to a combination of both. Declaring operation modes introduces binary decision variables into the optimization problem (making it a mixed-integer linear program), which may increase solve times.